1. Alam, M., Furukawa, Y., Sarker, S. and Ahmed, R., 2008. Sustainability of Sal (Shorea robusta) forest in Bangladesh: Past, present and future actions. International Forestry Review, 10(1), pp.29-37.  https://doi.org/10.1505/ifor.10.1.29

Google Scholar

2. Appanah, S. and Turnbull, J., 1998. A review of dipterocarps: Taxonomy, ecology and silviculture. Center for International Forestry Research Bogor, Indonesia https://doi.org/10.17528/cifor/000463

Google Scholar

3. Azad, S., 2020. Over 2.5k trees, including British-era Sal forest, are to be cut for the proposed expressway that will reduce travel time between Delhi & Doon. The Times of India. https://timesofindia.

4. Baboo, B., Sagar, R., Bargali, S.S. and Verma, H., 2017. Tree species composition, regeneration and diversity within the protected area of Indian dry tropical forest. Tropical Ecology, 58(3), pp.409-423.

Google Scholar

5. Bainsal, N., Goyal, P. and Singh, J., 2020. Shorea robusta Gaertn.F: A multi-therapeutic potential Indigenous drug. Plant Archives, 20(2), pp.3313-3322.

Google Scholar

6. Baral, S., Gaire, N.P., Giri, A., Maraseni, T., Basnyat, B., Paudel, A., Kunwar, R., Rayamajhi, S., Basnet, S., Sharma, S.K., Khadka, C., and Vacik, H., 2022. Growth dynamics of Shorea robusta Gaertn in relation to climate change: A case study from tropical region of Nepal. Trees, pp.1-12.  https://doi.org/10.1007/S00468-022-02300-5

Google Scholar

7. Bargali, S.S., Padalia, K. and Bargali, K., 2019. Effects of tree fostering on soil health and microbial biomass under different land use systems in central Himalaya. Land Degradation & Development. 30(16), pp.1984-1998.  https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3394

Google Scholar

8. Bargali, S.S., Shukla, K., Singh, L., Ghosh, L. and Lakhera, M.L., 2015. Leaf litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics in four tree species of Dry Deciduous Forest. Tropical Ecology, 56(2), pp.57-66.

Google Scholar

9. Bhattarai, K.P. and Mandal, T.N., 2018. Variation in carbon stock in litterfall, fine root and soil in Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn.) forests of eastern Nepal. Our Nature, 16(1), pp.68-73.  https://doi.org/10.3126/on.v16i1.22124

Google Scholar

10. Bhawna, A., Bhawana, K., Neelu, L. and Lodhiyal, L., 2017. Structure and regeneration of Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. F.) forests in Shiwalik region of Kumaun Himalaya, India. Indian Journal of Forestry, 40(1), pp.1-8.  https://doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2017-0N83L0

Google Scholar

11. Bisht, S, Bargali, S.S., Bargali, K., Rawat, G.S., Rawat, Y.S. and Fartyal, A., 2022. Influence of Anthropogenic Activities on Forest Carbon Stocks-A Case Study from Gori Valley, Western Himalaya. Sustainability. 14, p.16918.  https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416918

Google Scholar

12. Bisht, S., Bargali, S.S., Bargali, K., Rawat, Y.S. an Rawat, G.S., 2023. Dry matter dynamics and carbon flux along riverine forests of Gori valley, Western Himalaya. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change. 6, 1206677. 

Google Scholar

13. Bisht, S., Rawat, G.S., Bargali, S.S., Rawat, Y.S. and Mehta, A., 2024. Forest vegetation response to anthropogenic pressures: a case study from Askot Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Himalaya. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 26, pp.10003-10027.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-03130-2

Google Scholar

14. Bisoee, A., 2021. Social organisation alerts Hemant on illegal felling of sal trees. The Telegraph. https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/social-organisation-alerts-hemant-on-illegal-felling-of-sal-trees-in-gumla/cid/1838454

15. Borchert, R., 2000. Organismic and environmental controls of bud growth in tropical trees. In Dormancy in plants: from whole plant behaviour to cellular control, pp. 87-107. Wallingford UK: CABI Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851994475.0087

Google Scholar

16. Champion, H. and Seth, S., 1968. A revised survey of the forest types of India. Government of India Press.

Google Scholar

17. Chauhan, P.S., Porwal, M.C., Sharma, L. and Negi, J.D.S., 2003. Change detection in Sal forest in Dehradun forest division using remote sensing and geographical information system. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 31(3), pp.211-218.  https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03030827

Google Scholar

18. Chauhan, P., Negi, J., Singh, L. and Manhas, R., 2008. Regeneration status of Sal forests of Doon Valley. Annals of Forestry, 16(2), pp.178-182.

Google Scholar

19. Chhetri, V.T., Resham, G.C., Chaudhary, S., Timilsina, S. and Gautam, S., 2021. Pests, pathogens, pathogenic diseases, and diseases control strategies of sal (Shorea robusta) in Nepal. Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 6(2), pp.210-217.  https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2021.0602013

Google Scholar

20. Chitale, V. and Behera, M., 2012. Can the distribution of sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. F.) shift in the northeastern direction in India due to changing climate? Current Science, pp.1126-1135.

Google Scholar

21. Cooke, G.W., 1958. The nation’s plant food larder. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 9(12), pp.761-772.  https://doi.org/10.1002/JSFA.2740091201

Google Scholar

22. Das, S.R., Devi, R.S. and Kumar, S., 2024. Ecological, cultural and medicinal values of sal (Shorea robusta): A multifaceted native tree of India. In Ethnopharmacology: Vol. I. 1-7. Zenodo. https://zenodo.org/records/10964589

23. Davidar, P., Sahoo, S., Mammen, P.C., Acharya, P., Puyravaud, J.P., Arjunan, M., Garrigues, J.P. and  Roessingh, K., 2010. Assessing the extent and causes of forest degradation in India: Where do we stand? Biological Conservation, 143, pp.2937-2944.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.04.032

Google Scholar

24. Deka, J., Tripathi, O. and Khan, M., 2012. High dominance of Shorea robusta Gaertn. In alluvial plain kamrup sal forest of Assam, NE India. International Journal of Ecosystem, 2(4), pp.67-73.  https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ije.20120204.04

Google Scholar

25. Dulal, S. and Singh, R.M., 2020. Fuel Briquettes from Sal (Shorea robusta) forest Litter as an Alternative Cooking fuel. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology, 19(2), pp.68-74. https://doi.org/10.3126/njst.v20i1.39433

Google Scholar

26. Gautam, K.H., 1990. Regeneration status of sal (Shorea robusta) forests in Nepal. Department of Forest Nepal, Kathmandu, 11.

Google Scholar

27. Gautam, K.H. and Devkota, B.P., 1999. Sal (Shorea robusta) leaves can provide income to some community forestry user groups at Sindhupalchok district. Nepal J. For, 11, pp.39-46.

Google Scholar

28. Gautam, K. and Devoe, N., 2006. Ecological and anthropogenic niches of sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. F.) forest and prospects for multiple-product forest management - a review. Forestry, 79(1), pp.81-101.  https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpi063

Google Scholar

29. Gautam, M.K., Tripathi, A.K. and Manhas, R.K., 2011. Assessment of critical loads in tropical Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. F.) forests of Doon Valley Himalayas, India. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 218(1-4), 235-264.  https://doi.org/10.1007/S11270-010-0638-Z

Google Scholar

30. Gautam, M., Manhas, R. and  Tripathi, A., 2014. Plant species diversity in unmanaged moist deciduous forest of Northern India. Current Science, pp.277-287.

Google Scholar

31. Ghosh, H., 2016. In just 30 years, India has lost large forests to 23,716 industrial projects. India Spend. https://scroll.in/article/809286/in-just-30-years-india-has-lost-large-forests-to-23716-industrial-projects

Google Scholar

32. Gilbert, N., 2012. India’s forest area in doubt. Nature, 489(7414), pp.14-15.  https://doi.org/10.1038/489014a

Google Scholar

33. Hossain, M.B. and Awal, A.S.M.A., 2012. Mechanical properties and durability of some selected timber species. Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering, 24(1), pp.67-84.  https://doi.org/10.11113/mjce.v24.15825

Google Scholar

34. Hossain, M. N., Rokanuzzaman, M., Rahman, M.A., Bodiuzzaman, M. and Miah, M.A., 2013. Causes of deforestation and conservation of Madhupur Sal forest in Tangail region. Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, 6(2), pp.109-114.  https://doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i2.22105

Google Scholar

35. Htun, N. Z., Mizoue, N. and Yoshida, S., 2011. Tree species composition and diversity at different levels of disturbance in Popa Mountain Park, Myanmar. Biotropica 43, pp.597-603.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2011.00753.x

Google Scholar

36. Hua, F., Bruijnzeel, L.A., Meli, P., Martin, P.A., Zhang, J., Nakagawa, S., Miao, X., Wang, W., McEvoy, C., Peña-Arancibia, J.L. and Brancalion, P.H., 2022. The biodiversity and ecosystem service contributions and trade-offs of forest restoration approaches. Science, eabl4649.  https://doi.org/10.1126/science

Google Scholar

37. ISFR . 2015. India state of forest Report, Forest Survey of India. Forest Survey of India

38. ISFR, 2019. India State of Forest Report, Forest Survey of India,Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change. https://fsi.nic.in/isfr-volume-i?pgID=isfr-volume-i

39. ISFR, 2021. India State of Forest Report. Forest Survey of India, Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change.

40. Islam, K. and Sato, N., 2012. Deforestation, land conversion and illegal logging in Bangladesh: The case of the Sal (Shorea robusta) forests. iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, 5, pp.171-178.  https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor0578-005

Google Scholar

41. Islam, M.A., Quli, M.S., Rai, R. and Singh, P.K., 2015. Livelihood promotion through value addition to household traditional Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn.) leaf plate making in Jharkhand, India. Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources, 6(4), pp.320-325.

Google Scholar

42. IUCN Species Survival Commission. 2015. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. https://www.iucnredlist.org/

43. Kar, P.K., Srivastava, A.K., Sinha, R.B., Sinha, M.K. and Vijayaprakash, N.B., 2010. Sal based Eco-races of Tasar Silkworm: Need for conservation. Indian Silk, pp.12-14.

Google Scholar

44. Kaul, M., Mohren, G.M.J. and Dadhwal, V.K., 2010. Carbon storage and sequestration potential of selected tree species in India. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 15(5), pp.489-510.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-010-9230-5

Google Scholar

45. Khurana, E. and Singh, J.S., 2001. Ecology of seed and seedling growth for conservation and restoration of tropical dry forest: A review. Environmental Conservation, 28(1), pp.39-52.  https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892901000042

Google Scholar

46. Kirtikar, K., 1935. The Indian Medicinal Plants. Reprint, Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun.

Google Scholar

47. Krishnaswamy, V. and  Mathauda, G., 1954. Phenological behaviour of a few forest species at New Forest, Dehra Dun. Indian Forester, 80(4), pp.187-206.

Google Scholar

48. Kulkarni, N., Das, A. and Chander, S. 2018. Sal borer Hoplocerambyx spinicornis Newman: A devastating forest insect pest in India. Indian Journal of Entomology, 80(4), pp.1535-1548.  https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-8172.2018.00336.X

Google Scholar

49. Kumar, C.S., Pradhan, R.C., Ghosh, P., Rana, S.S. and Mishra, S., 2015. Shorea Robusta (Dipterocarpaceae) seed and its oil as food. International Journal of Food and Nutritional Sciences, 4(4), p.228.

Google Scholar

50. Kumar, R. and Saikia, P., 2020. Floristic analysis and dominance pattern of sal (Shorea robusta) forests in Ranchi, Jharkhand, eastern India. Journal of Forestry Research, 31(2), pp.415-427.  https://doi.org/10.1007/S11676-018-0829-9

Google Scholar

51. Kushwaha, S. and Nandy, S., 2012. Species diversity and community structure in sal (Shorea robusta) forests of two different rainfall regimes in West Bengal, India. Biodiversity and Conservation, 21(5), pp.1215-1228.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-012-0264-8

Google Scholar

52. Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, and T. Waterfield (eds). IPCC, 2018: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA.  https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157940

Google Scholar

53. Medhi, D., and Kar, B.K., 2016. Depletion of forest cover and encroachment in Gonbina Reserved Forest in Goalpara district of Assam. Space and Culture, India, 4(1), pp.40-50. https://doi.org/10.20896/saci.v4i1.187

Google Scholar

54. Mishra, S., Gupta, H. and Kulkarni, N., 2021. Impact of climate change on the distribution of Sal species. Ecological Informatics, 61, pp.101244.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101244

Google Scholar

55. Negi, S., 1994. Indian forestry through the ages. Indus  Publishing. https://books.google.com/

Google Scholar

56. Pali, H.S. and Kumar, N., 2014. Biodiesel Production from Sal (Shorea Robusta) Seed Oil. NIET Journal of Engineering & Technology, 5, pp.24-29.

Google Scholar

57. Pande, P., Telang, P. and Telang, S., 2012. Economic Importance of Tree Species (pp.1-62). www.greencleanguide.com

58. Pandey, R., Bargali S.S., Bargali, K. and Pandey, V.C., 2023c. Temporal variability in fine root dynamics in relation to tree girth size in sub-tropical Shorea robusta forests. Land Degradation & Development. 34(5), pp.1522-1537. 

Google Scholar

59. Pandey, R., Bargali, S.S. and Bargali, K., 2022. Seasonal dynamics of soil Inorganic N and N- mineralization in sub-tropical Sal forest in Central Himalaya, India. Journal of Scientific Research. 66(3), pp.161-175.  https://doi.org/10.37398/JSR.2022.660320

Google Scholar

60. Pandey, R., Bargali, S.S. and Bargali, K., 2023a. Tree biomass and carbon stock in subtropical Sal forest of Central Himalaya, India. Vegetos. 36(4), pp.1154-1164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42535-022-00503-2

Google Scholar

61. Pandey, R., Bargali, S. S., Bargali, K., Karki, H. and Chaturvedi, R. K., 2024. Dynamics of nitrogen mineralization and fine root decomposition in sub-tropical Shorea robusta Gaertnerf. Forests of Central Himalaya, India. Science of The Total Environment, 921, 170896.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170896

Google Scholar

62. Pandey, R., Bargali, S.S., Bargali, K., Karki, H., Kumar, M. and Sahoo, U.K., 2023b. Fine root dynamics and associated nutrient flux in Sal dominated forest ecosystems of Central Himalaya. India Frontiers in Forests and Global Change. 5, 1064502.  https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2022.1064502

Google Scholar

63. Prakasam, U., Dwivedi, A. and Oberoi, A., 2003. Heartwood borer epidemics in central India: A threat to Shorea robusta forest ecosystem. Xii The World Forestry Congress, Quebec City, Canada. http://www.fao.org/3/XII/0739-B1.htm

Google Scholar

64. Propa, M., Hossain, M. and Ahmed, A., 2021. (Shorea robusta Roxb. Ex. Gaertn. F.) in relation to some environmental variables of different sal forest stands of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 50(3), pp.685-693. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v50i3.55849

Google Scholar

65. Rahman, M.M., Rahman, M.M., Guogang, Z. and Islam, K.S., 2010. A review of the present threats to tropical moist deciduous Sal (Shorea robusta) forest ecosystem of central Bangladesh. Tropical Conservation Science, 3(1), 90-102.  https://doi.org/10.1177/194008291000300108

Google Scholar

66. Raizada, A., Jayaprakash, J., Rathore, A.C. and Tomar, J.M.S., 2013. Distribution of fine root biomass of fruit and forest tree species raised on old river  bed lands in the northwest Himalaya. Tropical Ecology, 54(2), 251-261.

Google Scholar

67. Rajan, R.P., 1995. Sal leaf plate processing and marketing in West Bengal. Society and Non-Timber Forest Products in Tropical Asia, pp.27-36.

Google Scholar

68. Rawal, K. and Subedi, P.B., 2022. Vegetation structure and carbon stock potential in the community- managed forest of the mid-western hilly region, Nepal. Asian Journal of Forestry, 6(1), pp.15-21.  https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r060103

Google Scholar

69. Rijal, S., Sinutok, S., Techato, K., Gentle, P., Khanal, U., & Gyawali, S., 2022. Contribution of Community-Managed Sal-Based Forest in Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation: A Case from Nepal. Forests, 13(2), pp.262.  https://doi.org/10.3390/F13020262

Google Scholar

70. Roy, A., 2020. Harnessing the Power of India’s Forests for Climate Change Mitigation. Observer Research Foundation. https://www.orfonline.org/research/harnessing-the-power-of-indias-forests-for-climate-change-mitigation/

Google Scholar

71. Roy, S., Islam, M. and Islam, M., 2014. Underlying causes of deforestation and its effects on the environment of Madhupur sal forest, Bangladesh. Bangladesh J Environ Sci., 27, pp.162-169.

Google Scholar

72. Saha, P. K., Bhattacharya, A. and Ganguly, S.N., 1992. Problems with Regard to the Loss of Seed Viability of  Shorea robusta  Gaertn.F. Indian Forester, 118(1), pp.70-76.

Google Scholar

73. Satendra and Kaushik, A.D., 2014. Forest fire disaster management. National Institute of Disaster Management, Ministry of Home Affairs. www.nidm.gov.in

Google Scholar

74. Satya, Upreti, D.K. and Nayaka, S., 2005. Shorea robusta—An excellent host tree for lichen growth in India. Current Science, 89(4), pp.594-595.

Google Scholar

75. Sheetal, Singh, V., Johar, V. and Dhyani, A., 2024. A review on importance of sal tree (Shorea robusta) as an interminable wood. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences, 26(01), pp.153-156. 

Google Scholar

76. Singh, J.S. and Singh, S.P., 1992. Forests of Himalaya: structure, functioning and impact of man. Gyanodaya Prakashan.

Google Scholar

77. Singh, J. and Singh, V., 1992. Phenology of seasonally dry tropical forest. Current Science, pp.684-689.

Google Scholar

78. Singh, K. and Kushwaha, C., 2005. Paradox of leaf phenology: Shorea robusta is a semi-evergreen species in tropical dry deciduous forests in India. Current Science, pp.1820-1824.

Google Scholar

79. Singh, V., Dwivedi, V., Singh, S. and Pandey, A., 2014. Potential of Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. F.) Seeds for enterprise development in Central India: An overview. E.J. Appl. Forest Ecology (eJAFE), 2(1), pp.34-39.

Google Scholar

80. Soni, R.K., Dixit, V., Irchhaiya, R. and Singh, H., 2013. A review update on Shorea robusta Gaertn f.(Sal). Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics, pp.127-132.

Google Scholar

81. Sundararajan, N., Chandak, S. and Bagale, G., 2017. Comparative Analysis of Environmental Laws: Implementation and Lack Thereof. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 6(4), pp.5752-5765. 

82. Swaminathan, M.S. and Kochhar, S.L., 2019. Major flowering trees of tropical gardens. Cambridge University Press.

Google Scholar

83. Tewari, D.N., 1995. A monograph on Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn. F). International Book Distributors.

Google Scholar

84. Thombare, N., Lohot, V., Prasad, N. and Sharma, K., 2018. Major gum and resin plants of India: A field guide. ICAR-IINRG. 

Google Scholar