This paper is an enumeration of the species of pteridophytes collected from the very little known Dibang Valley district of Arunachal Pradesh, N.E. India, mostly by the first author. 133 species and subspecies, assigned to 50 genera and 22 families, are listed here. Comments on their habitat and distribution are made. The present checklist is intended to be a base-line towards the preparation of a detailed pteridophyte flora of Dibang Valley district.

The surveys were conducted in natural populations of Haldina cordifolia in the forest areas of three states of central India namely Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra. Based on the growth parameters of the individual tree, a total of thirty trees from nine forest divisions of these three states were selected as candidate plus trees (CPTs). Variation was observed in girth at breast height (GBH), total height, and clear bole height (CBH) of trees surveyed. The maximum GBH was recorded in the CPTs of Balrampur (243.75 cm) while the minimum was recorded in Balaghat (115 cm). The maximum height of CPTs was recorded in Dindori (30.25 m) while the minimum was recorded in Allapalli (19 m). The maximum CBH% of total height was recorded in Bilaspur (44.22) while the minimum was recorded in Katghora (37.31). Higher GBH and height of trees may be resulted due to more age of trees. CPTs of Bilaspur were of middle age and showed the highest CBH% (44.22) and relatively low GBH and height when compared with those of Dindori and Balrampur. With age, the trees of Bilaspur will gain more height and girth which will result in higher yield.

The main biodiversity crises of the new current millennium are extinction and species introduction. A species may be critically endangered and ultimately extinct when death rates exceed birth for a prolonged duration. The reasons may be either natural or anthropogenic. Nowadays, anthropogenic factors are prominent and cause the extinction of many species in the wild. To prevent the present problem conservation can be possible only through ex-situ methods. In the present study, six highly threatened species were selected for improving macro propagation techniques by using different seed germination methods. Seed germination response was best on by using mature soaked and scarified seeds. The preferable nutrient medium is a 1:1:1:1:1 ratio of red soil, black soil, cocopeat, sand and vermicompost. Through this study, we recorded good germination percentages with Boswellia ovalifoliolata 79%, Croton scabiosus 76%, Hildegardia populifolia 73%, Pterocarpus santalinus 71%, Shorea tumbuggaia 66%, Syzygium alternifolium 69%. These propagation methods are low cost and effectively worked and can be possible for restoration of species in their natural habitats through ex-situ conservation and to avoid the species extinction in the wild.

This paper records the extended distribution of four species namely, Heterocentron subtriplinervium (Link & Otto) A.Braun & C.D. Bouche (Melastomataceae), Impatiens dasysperma Wight (Balsaminaceae), Lepidagathis incurva Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don (Acanthaceae)  and Rungia pectinata (L.) Nees (Acanthaceae) to the southern Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India. The species are described extensively with color photographs, phenology, ecology and distribution for each one.

Analyzing habitat preferences and foraging dynamics can be useful in understanding how birds adapt to changing physical environments. This is the first-ever study that was carried out on Avian feeding and Habitat guild of the Turahalli minor forest. Our study compares foraging patterns and habitat preferences among bird species by using One-way ANOVA, Tukey’s multiple comparison test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U tests. Observations based on habitat and diet affinities accounted for rich avian diversity with a total of 139 bird species recorded from five different habitats from October 2020 to November 2022. Large trees (95 species) harbored more species followed by shrub and thorny (30 species) and open ground (8 species). Bird assemblages were richer in large tree habitats and shrub and thorny habitats and findings showed that there was no significant difference in bird species richness between the habitats. Insectivorous species (39%) and carnivorous species (30%) exceeded other feeding guilds in the study area. Results of the study showed that different functional groups of avifauna behaved differently, primarily persuaded by choice of food. By providing birds with stable foraging, roosting, and nesting options, habitat heterogeneity supported avifaunal persistence.

The Eastern Regional Centre of Botanical Survey of India at Shillong has a herbarium whose acronym or code is ASSAM. The herbarium harbours about 1,50,000 specimens of angiosperms, gymnosperms and pteridophytes collected from different parts of northeastern India. This present communication deals with the representative herbarium specimens of the family Zingiberaceae housed in ASSAM, which includes about 100-year old collections as well as specimens collected during the recent periods from different parts of northeastern India. A careful consultation/indexing of voucher specimens of Zingiberaceae revealed that the ASSAM has a total of 1,080 herbarium sheets belong to 110 species under 19 genera. Furthermore, ASSAM has about 80 type specimens representing names of 21 new species under 6 genera. The current scientific name and distributional pattern of each species are provided.

Euphorbia serpens Kunth is being reported as addition to flora of Uttarakhand from Haridwar district. A detailed taxonomic description along with phenology and distribution of species is provided.

Cheilolejeunea pluriplicata (Pearson) R.M.Schust. [Lejeuneaceae: Marchantiophyta], a very little-known species, earlier recorded in India from Meghalaya only once, is reported and described here as a new distributional record from Mizoram, East Himalayan Bryo-geographical territory. A detailed description and SEM photographs of the taxon are provided.

Bothriochloa kuntzeana (Hack.) Henrard is reported here as an addition to the flora of West Bengal. A detailed description with photographs and a note on the variation of its inflorescence is provided to facilitate easy identification.

Himachal Pradesh is extraordinary in respect of floristic diversity and shelters about 3857 species of flowering plants. During floristic investigation of the state, four notable plants namely Antenoron filiforme (Thunb.) Roberty & Vautier, Gentianella angustiflora Harry Sm., Impatiens balfourii Hook.f., and Impatiens devendrae Pusalkar were collected from the Sainj Wildlife Sanctuary (Kullu, Himachal Pradesh). Critical literature search and herbarium consultation confirm that these four species have not been reported hitherto from Himachal Pradesh. All these species have been enumerated herein along with elaborate description, flowering and fruiting period, distribution, short ecological note and collection details. In addition, field photographs have been provided for easy identification and reference.