This study aims to comprehensively examine the taxonomy of eight species of Costus. The selected taxa for this investigation encompass Costus arabicus, C. dubius, C. erythrophyllus, C. guanaiensis, C. elegans, C. pictus, C. stenophyllus and C. woodsonii. Detailed description of each taxon based on fresh materials have been prepared along with illustrations.

Bassia prostrata (L.) A.J.Scott was recorded for the first time from Indian desert and addition to the flora of Rajasthan. The present paper deals with its taxonomy, photoplate, habitat and distribution for its easy identification.

A new distributional record of Hylodesmum laxum (DC. ex D.Don) H.Ohashi & R.R.Mill (Fabaceae) is reported from in the forests of Koteranka, Rajouri district (J&K), India. A detailed description, herbarium specimen and photographic plate are provided in this manuscript as reference material for future studies. This finding extends the known geographic range of H. laxum, which has not previously been documented from this part of the Western Himalaya. A brief description, habitat details, and photographic evidence are provided to validate the identification. This record contributes to the floristic diversity of the Jammu & Kashmir region and highlights the need for further botanical exploration in understudied areas.

The present communication deals with the species Spigelia anthelmia of family Loganiaceae,  an addition to the flora of Uttar Pradesh. Nomenclature, detailed description, ecology, distribution, geographical location along with a field photograph is provided for easy identification.

Gisekia pharnaceoides L. is reported here as a new distributional record for the Western Himalaya from Jhilmil Jheel Conservation Reserve, Haridwar, Uttarakhand. The species is earlier reported from Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil, Nadu, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal in India. A brief taxonomic description and a field photograph are provided here for its easier identification and further collection in field.